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A Voyage Back to the Histroy of E-commerce

3/8/2022

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Nowadays we happen to see birth of online shopping sites just as mushrooms spring up. Have you ever thought about the first online shopping site? Have you ever thought about that particular person who imagined about creating web platforms for online selling and purchasing? This article invites you to have a voyage back to the interesting history of online selling sites.
1979 – It all began when Michael Aldrich, an English inventor, innovator and entrepreneur started something called online shopping.  It was the commencement of the history of online business transactions. Using videotex, a two-way message service, he was launching something which brought radical changes in the field of business, though he mightn't have imagined so. We call it now as e-commerce, online shopping, and e-business. Michael Aldrich connected a domestic television by telephone line to a real-time transaction processing computer and started the first form of this online business. He called it teleshopping.

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A Few Possible Short Answer Questions and Their Answers from the Paper Language Across Curriculum

7/27/2021

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Qn.1: Who introduced/ derived the socio-linguistic theory of language Codes?
Ans: Basil Bernard Bernstein
Qn.2. What are the two types of language codes put forth by Basil Bernard Bernstein?
Ans.  1. Restricted Code 2. Elaborated Code
Qn.3. One's conception of apprehension of the world based on one's special standpoint is known as
​Ans. Weltanschauung
Qn.4. The terms 'classification' and 'framing' were coined by 
Ans.  Basil Bernard Bernstein
Qn.5.The language used in Mathematics cannot be used in Social Science classroom, the language code is
Ans. Restricted code
Qn.6. What do you know about the language of working class and middle class?
Ans. According to Basil Bernard Bernstein working class people use restricted code of language while middle class people use elaborated code of language
Qn7. Differentiate restricted code and elaborate code of language
Ans. Restricted code denotes the language usages which are exclusive for only the group which speaks in it, and which cannot be understood by people out of that group. But, elaborated code is the language usages which have got universal nature that others also can understand them. 
Qn.8. Who found that there is a strong relationship between social class and language?
Ans. Basil Bernard Bernstein
Qn.9. What is dialect theory?
Ans. Dialect theory is the theory is theory which tells that people of different dialects of a particular language show differences in cultural aspects, and so the dialect of each student should be considered when teaching a new language. 
Qn.10. What are the two propositions of Dialect theory?
Ans. The first proposition of dialect theory is that people who speak different dialects of a particular mother tongue show difference in cultural aspects. The second proposition of this theory is that dialects cannot create much effect out of that particular cultural atmosphere.
Know more about the Socio-Linguistic Theory of language Codes by watching this video
Qn.11. Who considered Deficit theory as a 'set of propositions which attempt to account for educational failure by locating its origins solely in surface features of the child's family and community'?
​Ans. ​Basil Bernard Bernstein
Qn.12Who is the major proponent of Difference Theory of Language?
Ans: Deborah Tannen

Know more about the Difference theory of language by watching this video
Qn.13. What are Minimal pairs?
Ans. In linguistics, a pair of words which are different only in one sound is called a minimal pair. eg. Cat and Bat.
Qn.14. What is Morphology?
Ans. Morphology in linguistics is the study of the words i.e. how the words are formed, what is the relationship among different words in a language etc.
Qn.15. What is etymology?
Ans. Etymology is the study of origin of the words.eg. The word philosophy is derived from two Latin words 'Philo' and '
Sophia'
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Anecdote: Definition and Functions with A Sample or Model Anecdote Which can be used to Motivate Learners of Lower Classes (Reference Question: What is Anecdote? Prepare an Anecdote which can be used to motivate learners of lower classes

7/27/2021

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 An anecdote is a real life story taken from the life great people so that to motivate people especially students to aspire to become personalities such as these great people in future. Anecdotes can play an amazing role in creating confidence and hardworking tendencies in children.
The functions of anecdotes are
  • To create aspiration in students to become great personalities
  • To cultivate confidence in students that they, too, can become great people
  • To create hardworking tendency in students
  • To make students keep serious attitude towards life
  • To help students realise their innate powers and potentialities
  • To make students socially committed and dedicated people
  • To make them dynamic and innovative in their attitude towards the developments in different walks of life​

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Explain the features of National Policy on Education of 1986 (Essay Question of Kannur University First Semester BEd. Examination: Paper C 102: Contemporary India and Education

7/24/2021

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Key Concepts of National policy on Education:1986 
  • Operation Blackboard 
  • Navodaya Schools 
  • Adult Education 
  • Functional literacy 
  • MLL (Minimum Level of learning 
  • Delinking Degrees From Job 
  • Mahila Samakhya Programe

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UGC's ANNOUNCEMENT OF  BLENDED ONLIE LEARNING : A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

5/24/2021

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The Covid 19 Pandemic has brought unbelievable changes in all the walks of life. I had installed 'Zoom' in my cell phoe as well as desktop before a few years. However, I had never used it before the arrival of pandemic era on account of my fear about the privacy of my students. I had plaaned to use it at campus itself for dealing ICT class for my students who had been devided into two groups, and one group had been sitting in the general classroom while the other group had been in the computer lab. My plan had been that I would sit at computer lab, and would deal the class by using 'Zoom', an app that was something unfamiliar for all my students. But, it hadn't occured because of some technical issues. After a couple of weeks, the college was closed because of the arrival of the Pandemic. It is so ironic that even the LKG students use 'Zoom' now a days. 
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I may share another experience of mine that is similar to this one. I had just shared some of my friends. my plan to enroll an online course offered by ​Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands on Coursera, the popular MOOC platform. Most of my friends discouraged by listing many a factor. However, I completed that course without any delay. It was a nice experience for me. I not only did the course, but also got an idea on how to organize an onlien course, which helped me a lot later when I was creating a few moodle courses for my students. And, now, people lists tens of certificates they have secured by completing courses on Coursera on different social media platforms. Now, UGC has decided to make online courses a common practice by introducing a mixture of online and offline classes. 
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  ofThough the complete picture of UGC plan is not clear now, as they have just asssigned the duty of studying about it to some people, UGC has made it clear that the coming days are of blended learning. UGC believes that such a type of blended learning will offer much comfortability for students, as they can plan and learn at their pace. It may replace the concept of 10 to 4 learning to 7X24 mode of learning. Another advantage that UGC sees with this blended learning mode is that students can select their own papers that are compatible with the papers included in the syllabi of a particular course.For instance, if the M.A. English literature syllabus of Kannur University has got a paper called 'Criticism of Some The Works of Some Writers', students can leave it aside and can search online for a similar paper which has included the works of their favorite writers, if they want to do so. This, you may claim, that realizes the concept of individualized curriculum to an extend.
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Though the decision of introducing blended onlie learning that is expected to organize 60% of a degree by using online possibilities is that of UGC, the supreme academic body in India, we cannot help admitting that it has got some dark corner, as well. The decision might have shocked the academics that 60% online classes mean that there is no place for offline teachers. This may result in the job loss of thousnads of academics all over India. Gradually, the concept of offline education may become a page in the history book. People have already become machines with excess of social media use. Then, what will be the future world if their learning process, too, become just as using social media platforms. This will be a double whammy for those who have constructed four pillars of education such as Learning to Know, Learning to Be, Learning to Do and learning to Live Together. The only one pillar i.e. Learning to Know will be realized, and all other three pillars will be wanished. The present conflict called value crisis will be further deepened, and the result will be anarchy.
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I have just presented two sides of a coin. The readers can think which side of the coin wins over the other. Let those days on which great teachers moulded the ​character of thousands of youngsters not a nostalgia only for the old generation. 
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Typographic Clues and Development of Reading Skill

5/17/2021

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The teacher should make the students aware of the specialties of different typographic clues like ‘italics’, ‘bold letters’ etc. which may make the learners more purposeful and serious readers. During my childhood days, teachers used to tell us the functions of different punctuation marks such as comma, semicolon, colon, full stop, bold letters, capital letters, italics etc. Once your students become well versed in such typographical clues or punctuations, they would become excellent readers as they can catch the theme easily and suddenly. Let’s look at the functions of different typographic clues.

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Wood’s Dispatch: The Magna Carta of Indian Education

9/30/2018

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The Charter Act of 1813 in British India commenced the modern education on India officially by the British East India Company, though the Christian missionaries had started spreading modern education in India before that. The Charter Act decided to issue a fiscal support of Rs. One Hundred Thousand to the existing indigenous educational institutions in India. The Britishers took a decision to review the Charter Act within a period of twenty years in a regular basis. Though there was another charter Act in 1817, it was not an exclusive report given by a specially formed committee as a part of the predetermined review of the Charter Act of 1817. It was a declaration of the modified Charter Act to enlarge the amount from Rs. One Hundred Thousand to Rs. Two Hundred Thousand. Actually the real revision of the Charter Action had to be done in 1833.

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Oriental- Occidental Controversy

9/28/2018

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Oriental-Occidental Controversy was an ideological conflict between two groups of people in India during the British colonial rule. The ideological quarrel was related to the organization of modern education India. Britishers started organizing the formal educational system in India only during the first half of the 19th century, though they had reached India during the first part of the 17th century. Their real intention behind their sailing to India was not administrative. They came to India just for trade. It was not a venture of the British Government. A company which had been started in Britain under the title of ‘British East-India Company’, wanted to spread their business, and opened an office and factory in then Madras and now Chennai. They might not have even imagined in their distant dream that they would rule India. However, the dramatic events spread  across two centuries caused for the commencement British colonial rule in India just after the War of Plassy  in 1757. It was a turning point in the history of modern Indian Education.


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Downward Filtration Theory

9/28/2018

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Downward Filtration Theory is a theory introduced by Lord Macaulay in his famous Macaulay’s Minutes of 1835 which was submitted to then Governor General of  British India for solving some problems related to the educational system in India during those days. Actually Macaulay was assigned the duty of studying the real background of the Oriental- Occidental Controversy which was haunting the whole educational scenario of the period between 1817 and 1833. Britishers had started giving education only since 1813 in which they published a charter act to provide a financial aid of one hundred thousand rupees for indigenous educational institutions. In 1817 another charter act was declared by modifying the amount to two hundred thousand rupees as grant-in-aid system. But the quarrel between two groups i.e. the orientalists and the occidentals created some hurdles before the smooth running of the educational system in the country. The quarrel was in the selection of medium of instruction and the content of the syllabus. This oriental-occidental controversy had to be solved for the effective implementation of modern education in India. The duty was given to Macaulay, a law member of the Governor’s council. He put forth a few recommendations to solve the problem in his historic report called Macaulay’s Minutes of 1835.


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What Made Me Love Tamilnadu

9/21/2018

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I love Tamilnadu. Really I love Tamilnadu.This love goes on increasing and being deepened during my each visit to this southern state of India. I am from Kerala, a neighbour state of Tamilnadu. What made me,in fact, start loving Tamilnadu, and why do I still remain so? There are a variety of factors which led me love this Dravidian state.

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Intra-personal Communication:The Silent Weapon for Ultimate Success

9/20/2018

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The term communication always brings to us a picture of the conversation between two people; among a group of people;a telephonic conversation; a speech delivered to an audience; a teaching session or online chatting and something like that.  And we always boast of having great communication skill with some ability to make use of beautiful words, phrases, proverbs, body language, facial expressions and so and so. Have you ever thought of a sort of  communication which is inevitable in human life. It is purely silent in any sense. Silent communication? Yes entirely silent communication. It does not demand beauty of words nor the tricks to attract the audience. It is nothing else bur intra-personal communication.

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Home Language and School Language:What Should be done by Teachers?

9/19/2018

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There is a huge difference between the home language and school language. Home language is the language used by the students during their off-school hours at their home or locality when being a part of daily conversations and interactions. School language is the medium of instruction used by the teachers when transacting curricular items. Students and their parents often use the most colloquial version of their mother tongue at home. 

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEARNING  LANGUAGE AND LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE

9/14/2018

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The practice during the past in the case of language teaching or learning was actually learning about language not true language learning. What is the difference between language learning and learning about language? Are they same? Though the phrases seem to have similarity in its physical appearance, they are entirely different. They are different because they have got entirely different aims and objectives.

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Culturally Responsive Pedagogy in a Diversified Classroom

9/13/2018

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Social diversity is a part of educational institutions, too.A classroom is always a diversified society as it would be a centre where students from different social, cultural, economic, religious, geographic, and linguistic backgrounds get together in a classroom. A teacher should always be aware of this diversity, and adopt a sort of pedagogy called culturally responsive pedagogy in his classroom. Culturally Responsive Pedagogy is the strategy or methodology accepted by a teacher by giving due attention and regard to the socio-cultural backgrounds of each student of his class. So a teacher should not make use of a general strategy or methodology which may convince only some students who belong to some particular socio-cultural background. It would make other students frustrated and, may lead them to indulge in some anti-social activities, as well

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Salient Features of Vedic Education

9/10/2018

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Vedic Education is the system of education prevailed in India during the so called Vedic age in India i.e. fro 1500 B.C. to 600 or 500 B.C. There are different views on the time span of Vedic Age in India. The people who believe that the real starting of Vedic age is the arrival of Aryans during the time of 1700 B.C. However, it is said that Vedic Age starts from 1500 B.C. Vedic Age is divided into two as Early Vedic Age and Later Vedic Age. The vedic period is known as so because the four great Vedas such as the Rig-Veda, Sama-Veda, Yajur-Veda, and Atharva-Veda were written during the period. These four Vedas were written during the early Vedic Period i.e. during the time between 1500B.C. The later Vedic period is believed to be existed between 1000 B.C. and 600 or 500 B.c. The Later Vedic Period is also known as Epic Period, as the two great Epics called The Mahabharata and  The Ramayana during this period. The later Vedic Period is also known as Brahmanic Period, as it is believed that social stratification was at its peak and Brahmins enjoyed the highest status during the later Vedic period.

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    Hathib KK

    Assistant Professor of Education, Keyi sahib Training College

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  • ബി.എഡ്. ചോദ്യ പേപ്പർ ചർച്ചകൾ
  • സമകാലീന ഇന്ത്യയും വിദ്യാഭ്യാസവും ചോദ്യ പ
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